1990 hack event(s)
Description of the event: The Unleash Protocol project deployed on Story Protocol suffered an unauthorized contract upgrade, followed by the malicious transfer of user assets. The attacker manipulated the project’s multisig governance privileges to perform the upgrade, resulting in the theft and cross-chain transfer of assets including WIP, USDC, WETH, stIP, and vIP to external addresses. The currently confirmed loss is approximately USD 3.9 million. Unleash has suspended all operations and initiated a full investigation and audit process, urging users to refrain from interacting with its contracts. Story Protocol itself remains unaffected.
Amount of loss: $ 3,900,000 Attack method: Privilege compromise
Description of the event: On the BSC network, an unknown smart contract MSCST suffered a flash loan attack, resulting in an estimated loss of approximately $130,000. The root cause of the exploit lies in the lack of access control (ACL) within the releaseReward() function of the MSCST contract, which allowed the attacker to manipulate the price of the GPC token in the PancakeSwap liquidity pool (address: 0x12da).
Amount of loss: $130,000 Attack method: flash loan attack
Description of the event: SlowMist founder Cos stated on the X platform that the team is currently following up on the DeBot incident and monitoring on-chain activity. According to him, users’ private keys associated with DeBot have been compromised, and the hacker has so far profited approximately $255,000, with theft still ongoing. Previously, in response to community claims that the DeBot wallet may have been hacked and user funds stolen, the DeBot official team said that the secure wallet addresses are operating normally and have not been affected. They added that they have noticed the issue concerning certain addresses and are actively following up and handling the matter. On December 30, all compensation applications for Debot were fully processed and issued. The team stated that if any security issues occur in the future, they will continue to uphold a 100% compensation commitment.
Amount of loss: $ 255,000 Attack method: Private Key Leakage
Description of the event: The Flow Foundation announced that an attacker exploited a vulnerability in the Flow execution layer, transferring approximately $3.9 million in assets off the network before validators were able to coordinate and halt operations. The incident did not affect existing user balances, and all user deposits remain intact.
Amount of loss: $ 3,900,000 Attack method: Execution Layer Vulnerability
Description of the event: Trust Wallet has issued an official notice confirming that version 2.68 of its browser extension contains a security vulnerability, and advised all users running version 2.68 to immediately disable it and upgrade to version 2.69. According to SlowMist’s analysis, this backdoor incident originated from a malicious modification of Trust Wallet’s internal codebase (analytics service logic), rather than the introduction of a compromised third-party package (e.g., a malicious npm package). The attacker directly tampered with the application’s own code, using the legitimate PostHog library to redirect analytics data to a malicious server. As of December 31, the incident has been confirmed to affect 2,520 wallet addresses, with a total loss of approximately USD 8.5 million. Preliminary investigation indicates that this attack is related to the Sha1-Hulud industry-level supply chain incident that occurred in November. Trust Wallet has now rolled back the extension to the secure version 2.69 and initiated a compensation process for affected users.
Amount of loss: $ 8,500,000 Attack method: Malicious Code Injection Attack
Description of the event: According to monitoring by SlowMist’s MistEye security monitoring system, potential suspicious activities related to @futureswapx have been detected. Further analysis indicates that the root cause lies in an attacker creating a malicious proposal and leveraging flash loans to vote, ultimately granting privileges to the attack contract and enabling it to transfer tokens from other users.
Amount of loss: $830,000 Attack method: Governance Attack
Description of the event: SlowMist has issued a security alert to the cryptocurrency exchange ICRYPEX Global, stating that a potentially critical vulnerability has been identified.
Amount of loss: - Attack method: Security Vulnerability
Description of the event: According to monitoring by Paidun, Yearn Finance V1 suffered a hacker attack, resulting in a total loss of approximately USD 300,000. The attacker has converted the stolen funds into 103 ETH, which are currently held at the address: 0x0F21...4066.
Amount of loss: $ 300,000 Attack method: Unknown
Description of the event: SlowMist sent a security alert to the cryptocurrency exchange Azbitm, stating that a potential vulnerability has been detected.
Amount of loss: - Attack method: Unknown
Description of the event: On December 14, Aevo announced that a vulnerability introduced during a smart contract upgrade led to an attack on the legacy Ribbon DOV vault on December 12, resulting in losses of approximately $2.7 million.
Amount of loss: $ 2,700,000 Attack method: contract vulnerability
Description of the event: According to SlowMist founder Yu Cos and ZEROBASE officials, a malicious contract on the BSC chain, “Vault” (0x0dd2…2396), impersonated the ZEROBASE frontend to trick users into authorizing USDT. The incident is suspected to have occurred due to a compromise of the ZEROBASE frontend and was not an issue with the Binance Web3 wallet itself. So far, hundreds of addresses have been affected, with the largest single loss reaching $123,000. The stolen funds have been transferred to the Ethereum address 0x4a57…fc84. ZEROBASE has enabled an authorization monitoring mechanism, and the community is urging users to quickly revoke risky authorizations via revoke.cash.
Amount of loss: $ 123,000 Attack method: Frontend Attack
Description of the event: The 0G Foundation posted on X that a targeted attack on December 11 resulted in a breach of their reward contract. The attacker exploited the emergency withdrawal function of the 0G reward contract, which is used for distributing alliance rewards, stealing 520,010 $0G tokens, 9.93 ETH, and $4,200 worth of USDT. These tokens were subsequently bridged and dispersed through Tornado Cash. Due to a critical vulnerability in Next.js (CVE-2025-66478) exploited on December 5, the attacker moved laterally via internal IP addresses, affecting services including the Alignment service, Validator nodes, Gravity NFT service, Node Sales service, Compute, Aiverse, Perpdex, Ascend, and others. However, the core chain infrastructure and user funds remained unaffected.
Amount of loss: $ 520,000 Attack method: Private Key Leakage
Description of the event: According to an announcement by Almanak, during today’s airdrop, operational errors and a DDoS attack caused delays in claims and failures in wallet deployment. The claim function was originally scheduled to open at 12:15 UTC, but was actually delayed until 12:35 UTC. About 1,100 users encountered a “PENDING” status issue while creating wallets.The team has restored the system, cleared the backlog, and confirmed that users’ tokens remain safe and intact.
Amount of loss: - Attack method: DDoS Attack
Description of the event: According to cybersecurity firm Blockaid, the official website of the meme coin PEPE was compromised by attackers, who modified the website’s front-end code, causing users visiting the site to be redirected to a malicious page.
Amount of loss: - Attack method: Supply Chain Attack
Description of the event: According to PeckShieldAlert, the stablecoin project USPD has suffered a major security breach, resulting in approximately $1 million in losses. The USPD team later confirmed that the protocol had been exploited, with the attacker minting tokens without authorization and draining liquidity. The official team has urgently advised users to revoke all token approvals granted to the USPD contract. According to the project’s confirmation, the incident was identified as a “CPIMP” attack. During the deployment phase, the attacker used Multicall3 to preemptively initialize the proxy and seize administrator privileges, while disguising the malicious implementation as an audited contract. The hidden logic remained dormant for several months before being activated, allowing the attacker to upgrade the proxy, mint approximately 98 million USPD tokens, and transfer around 232 stETH. The USPD team has disclosed the attacker addresses (Infector: 0x7C97…9d83, Drainer: 0x0833…215A) and stated that they are working with law enforcement and white-hat partners to trace the funds. The team has also offered a 10% bounty if the attacker returns the stolen assets.
Amount of loss: $ 1,000,000 Attack method: "CPIMP" (Clandestine Proxy In the Middle of Proxy) attack
Description of the event: According to Finance Feeds, hackers exploited a vulnerability in the React JavaScript library to inject code into websites that steals funds from cryptocurrency wallets, primarily targeting cryptocurrency platforms. On December 3, the React team released a patch for CVE-2025-55182, a vulnerability that allowed unauthenticated code to execute on remote computers. The React team strongly advised all affected modules to upgrade immediately to prevent further exploitation.
Amount of loss: - Attack method: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Description of the event: The on-chain private fund Goldfinch’s old contract on Ethereum (0x0689) contained a vulnerability. Because the user deltatiger.eth did not revoke the authorization in time, they were exploited and lost approximately USD 330,000. The attacker has already sent 118 ETH (around USD 329,000) into the privacy mixer Tornado Cash.
Amount of loss: $ 330,000 Attack method: contract vulnerability
Description of the event: According to PeckShieldAlert on X, Yearn Finance suffered an attack in which the hacker drained the liquidity pool by infinitely minting yETH, causing losses of roughly $9 million. Approximately 1,000 ETH (about $3 million) was transferred to Tornado Cash, while the attacker’s address still holds around $6 million worth of crypto assets. On December 1, according to PeckShield’s monitoring, Yearn recovered 2.4 million USD by burning the pxETH held by the hacker. An equivalent amount of pxETH has been re-minted and returned to the Redacted Cartel multisig wallet.
Amount of loss: $ 9,000,000 Attack method: Contract Vulnerability
Description of the event: Upbit CEO Woo Kyung-sik issued a public statement regarding the recent security breach and apologized to users, noting that the incident resulted from shortcomings in Upbit’s internal security management. On the morning of the 27th, Upbit detected abnormal withdrawals from its Solana-based wallets, prompting an immediate full-scale inspection of related networks and wallet systems. During the investigation, the team identified a vulnerability that could potentially be exploited to infer private keys, which has since been patched. To safeguard user assets, Upbit suspended all cryptocurrency deposits and withdrawals and initiated on-chain tracking and asset-freezing procedures for funds transferred externally. On December 6, after completing the replacement of all virtual asset wallets and strengthening security controls, Upbit restored full deposit and withdrawal services. According to current estimates, the total value affected by the incident is approximately KRW 44.5 billion (about USD 30.3 million). Of this amount, approximately KRW 38.6 billion (about USD 26.33 million) belongs to users, and KRW 2.3 billion (about USD 1.57 million) has been successfully frozen. Upbit’s own funds affected total approximately KRW 5.9 billion (about USD 4.02 million). On December 8, Upbit’s operating company Dunamu provided an update, stating that an additional KRW 2.6 billion (approximately USD 1.77 million) in compromised assets has now been frozen. Recovery procedures are currently in progress to ensure the secured funds can be safely reclaimed.
Amount of loss: $ 30,300,000 Attack method: Unknown
Description of the event: BasisOS disclosed on X: “Due to a security breach, the Agentic FoF was compromised, resulting in approximately USD 531,000 in leaked funds. All vaults have now been suspended, and withdrawals from the Agentic FoF have also been paused pending the results of an internal investigation.”
Amount of loss: $ 531,000 Attack method: Unknown